how to draw a house in 3d with autocad

Basic 3D and Surface Modelling

Introduction

Although AutoCAD has a number of commands for creating special 3D objects, a lot can be achieved by changing the properties of basic second objects similar polylines. Most 2d objects can be given a thickness using the thickness option in the Properties (DDCHPROP) control. Although objects with a thickness can be said to exist extruded, this should not be dislocated with the EXTRUDE command which creates solid extrusions; giving an object thickness produces a surface extrusion. All objects can be given an elevation by moving them in the Z direction using the Movement control. With a combination of the MOVE and Backdrop commands you can quickly create uncomplicated 3D drawings.

Using this tutorial yous will learn how to give objects a thickness, how to move them vertically, how to view your 3D creations and how to use the 3DFACE and SHADE commands.

The DDVPOINT Command

You can use this command to get an axonometric view of your drawing.

In that location are a number of ways to become an axonometric view of your AutoCAD cartoon just the DDVPOINT command is probably the easiest and quickest to use. It is, however, buried two layers deep in the pull-downward menu so it'south frequently quicker simply to type it at the keyboard, since there is no toolbar button. Every bit you lot probably recognise from the control name it is a dialogue box driven control. The Viewpoint Presets dialogue box is illustrated on the right. As you can see, you define a view past specifying ii angles. The start bending is the rotation from the 10 centrality (the horizontal bending). The 2nd is the angle from the XY plane (the vertical angle). Using the dialogue box you lot can specify an bending either by picking on the two dials or by inbound an angle into each of the two angle edit boxes. You can even wait at your drawing from underneath by specifying a negative vertical bending. For most purposes a horizontal angle along one of the diagonals, 45, 135, 225 and 315 and a vertical angle of xxx requite the all-time results.

You can return to a program view of your drawing by using the Programme control. To practice this, only enter "Programme" at the command prompt and and then to take the "Electric current UCS" default. Yous tin can also return to whatsoever previous view by using the Zoom Previous command option, Z P at the keyboard or from the Standard toolbar.

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The Properties Command

You lot can utilise the DDCHPROP command to alter the colour, layer, linetype, linetype scale and thickness of any single or multiple object choice. The DDMODIFY command gives all of these change options in addition to those which are specific to the object blazon. DDMODIFY is always used by AutoCAD every bit a default for single object selections when the Properties command is selected from the toolbar or from the pull-downward menu.

Command Sequence

Command: DDCHPROP
Select objects: (choice one or more objects)
Select objects:
When you have selected the objects, the Alter Backdrop dialogue box appears. To change the thickness, simply enter a value (in drawing units) in the Thickness edit box. When you click the "OK" button your objects will exist extruded by the amount specified.

The illustration (right) shows the issue of applying a thickness to a circle. A circle with no thickness is shown on the left and a circle with thickness on the right.

Finer a circle with thickness becomes a cylinder. Yous can tell by the orientation of the UCS icon in this analogy that this is an axonometric view (see "The DDVPOINT Control" in a higher place for details).

Moving in the Z Direction

By now you should be quite used to using the Move command but up until now y'all've simply been moving 2D objects in the XY Plane. Movement can just every bit easily be used to move a drawing object vertically, perpendicular to the XY Plane. You tin can do this by using XY and Z co-ordinates or by picking points in 3D infinite.

In the illustration on the left a circle has been moved from the base airplane of a cube to the top confront of a cube. This is done by using the Movement control ( from the pull-down or from the Modify toolbar). Just start the MOVE command, select the circle, pick 1 of the lower corners of the cube every bit the base signal (employ the end signal Osnap!) then pick the corresponding top corner equally the second point, again using the end signal Osnap. If you lot look at the circle in program at that place appears to be no difference in information technology'south position considering it has non been moved in the XY airplane merely perpendicular to information technology. You can use the same principle to move any drawing entity. Bear in heed that you must always use an Osnap when you are picking points in 3D space. If you practice not, the picked signal will ever be on the base airplane, which doesn't make any sense. 1 of the bug with this is that you lot may not realise your error until you alter your view position because in the electric current view the objects will appear to have been moved normally. It's a practiced idea to continue switching your view point as a cheque.

In the to a higher place example the move was fairly easy because we had a cube to use as a guide. Very often you volition need to move an object vertically without any guide. In such a case yous should employ co-ordinates. For example, if the cube in the analogy higher up was 40 cartoon units high then I could motion the circumvolve using the post-obit command sequence.

Command Sequence

Command: Move
Select objects: (select the circle)
Select objects:
Base of operations point or displacement: 0,0,0
Second signal of displacement: 0,0,twoscore

Detect that I use the UCS origin signal as a base of operations bespeak, that'south because it's standard practice but in principle it could be any point in space. The most important thing is that the X and Y co-ordinates remain the aforementioned (because we practice non want to move in the XY Plane) and the Z co-ordinate must increase by the altitude you want to move upward. Using co-ordinate 25,43,16 as the base bespeak and 25,43,56 as the second indicate would have resulted in exactly the same movement. To move downward you simply need to specify a negative Z co-ordinate. For example to move the circle downward by xl units the second point according would be 0,0,-40.

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The 3D Face Command

The 3D Face up command is used to draw 3D surfaces with 3 or four edges.

Control Sequence

Control: 3DFACE
Get-go Point: (pick point)
2nd Point: (pick point)
Third Betoken: (pick point)
Quaternary Indicate: (pick signal or for only three edges)
Third Betoken: (first another 3D Face up or to end)

Why practice I need a 3D Confront?

The reason is that when yous give an entity like a rectangle a thickness it is given solid sides in the direction of the extrusion but it is left open ended similar a tube. To add a top and a bottom to a box you must apply 3D Faces. In the illustration on the right, 2 boxes take been shaded using the Shade control, SHADE from the keyboard, from the pull-down or from the Render toolbar. Come across SHADE for a description of the Shade command options. The box on the right is a rectangle which has been given a thickness. As you lot can see, it does not have a top. A 3D Face up has been added to the top of the box on the left which gives the result of a solid surface when shaded.

When yous employ the Shade command, don't forget to use the Regen command to get back to the wireline cartoon. AutoCAD does not allow you to pick points on a shaded drawing.

For complicated shapes you may need to apply a number of 3D Faces to fill a surface. Fortunately, extruded circles are automatically given a solid top and bottom so you don't need any 3D Faces. If y'all do need to use a circuitous of faces to fill a surface there is a way to hide the bring together lines between faces. If you blazon "I" and before the offset choice point of any border, that edge will be fabricated invisible. If you are conscientious y'all tin can hands fill up a complicated surface with many 3D Faces which will simply announced as a single continuous surface. If you lot need to create a very complex surface it may be ameliorate to use the EXTRUDE control which creates solid extrusions i.east. they already accept top and bottom surfaces.

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An Exercise

The exercise below is designed and then that you can do all of the new commands and techniques outlined in a higher place. It is a elementary table which is composed of 9 principal elements, 4 legs, four rails, and a top. These elements are all constructed using the Rectangle command, RECTANG from the keyboard or from the pull-down menu. Remember, there is naught special about rectangles, they are but 4 sided closed polylines, and then if you lot prefer using the PLINE command, then feel complimentary.

These rectangles will exist given a thickness using the Properties command and an elevation using the MOVE command. Some 3D Faces are used for the finishing touches using the 3DFACE command.

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Drawing the Table

Step 1

First of all draw the table plan using the dimensions on the illustration and inset detail below. All dimensions are in millimetres. The plan is composed of nine rectangles. You may need to use other commands like Line and Beginning to construct the rectangles. Alternatively you can piece of work out the rectangle co-ordinates and construct them manually. Recollect to employ the Re-create and/or Mirror commands to duplicate identical objects. For example, it'due south really only necessary to draw 1 leg since they are all the same.

Step ii

Next, using the Backdrop command, select the 4 table legs and requite them a thickness of 700. Using the Backdrop control a second time, select the iv tabular array rails and give them a thickness of 100. Move the track vertically through 600 with the MOVE command using a co-ordinate value of 0,0,0 for the base betoken and 0,0,600 for the 2nd point. Finally utilize the Properties command a tertiary time to give the table top a thickness of 40 and apply MOVE again to requite the pinnacle an elevation of 700. Now await at what you lot have created using the DDVPOINT control, from the pull-downwards or DDVPOINT at the keyboard. Use the SHADE control to see the solid effect, from the pull-down or SHADE at the keyboard.

Step 3

Every bit you will have noticed, your tabular array does not nonetheless have a solid top. Yous can reach this using 3D Confront. You can start the 3D Face command from the pull-down, , from the Return toolbar, or from the keyboard, 3DFACE. 3D Faces are defined past picking the iv points of a rectangle in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction. Outset the 3D Confront control and using the endpoint Osnap, select the four upper corners of the table top. Use the Shade command over again to see the effect. You lot tin can apply more 3D Faces to complete the model. Past looking at the table from diverse angles you will notice that the underside of the rail, the underside of the legs and the underside of the table top all need 3D Faces in guild to create a completely solid model.

Now that you have completed your model, experiment with the Shade control and the various shade border settings (see "Tips and Tricks" below).

Step 4

To finish your cartoon, set tilemode to 0, create an A3 drawing sheet and insert some tiled viewports, run into thePaper Infinite exercise for details. Your drawing should end upwards looking something like the one beneath. The vase was created using the REVSURF command, meet REVSURF for details.

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3D Objects

In addition to the uncomplicated 3D objects you can create by giving objects thickness and adding 3D Faces, AutoCAD provides a number of ready made 3D objects. These objects tin be chosen from the 3D Objects dialogue box. Every bit you tin see from the illustration of the dialogue box below, you lot can create very simple objects like a box and complex ones similar the torus.

Yous must invoke the 3D objects dialogue box from the pull-downward carte du jour, every bit at that place is no keyboard equivalent. Alternatively you can select individual 3D Object commands from the Surfaces toolbar. Each 3D Object requires different input from the user but the command line is quite explicit so yous shouldn't have any problems.

One of the most useful objects is the Sphere. In the illustration on the right a 3D tree has been created using a circle with thickness every bit the trunk and a sphere as the canopy. One thing to bear in mind when creating spheres is that the centre of the sphere will be on the basis airplane. Therefore, one-half of the sphere is below ground level and half higher up. If you desire the sphere to sit down on the footing plane, all yous have to do is move it up through a altitude which is the same as it's radius.

Some other consideration when creating spheres and some of the other shapes is the number of segments to use. It is very tempting to use a lot and create a smooth shape but this does take lots of drawing retentivity and then become carefully. The default value (16) is usually adequate for most purposes.

Command Sequence

Invoke the dialogue box from the pull-downwardly (), selection the sphere icon and then the "OK" push button or choice from the Surfaces toolbar.

Center of sphere: (pick signal)
Bore/<radius>: (pick point or enter value)
Number of longitudinal segments<xvi>: (enter number or)
Number of latitudinal segments<xvi>: (enter number or)
Your Sphere is drawn.

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Tips & Tricks

• If y'all would like to try creating the vase as shown in the table drawing. Y'all will need to know a piffling chip well-nigh UCS, User Co-ordinate Systems (see UCS) and how the Revolved Surface command works (see the 3D Tree exercise for details).
• Yous can change the shaded consequence that the Shade control gives to your drawing using the SHADEDGE variable. To change the shade edge variable just enter SHADEDGE at the keyboard and enter a value between 0 and iii.
  SHADEDGE = 0 gives a shaded colour surface with no lines.
  SHADEDGE = 1 gives a shaded color surface with lines. This tends to give the best overall results.
  SHADEDGE = 2 gives a background colour surface which gives a similar effect to the Hide command.
  SHADEDGE = three gives a block colour surface, this is the AutoCAD default. Encounter SHADE for a fuller description of the SHADEDGE variable.
• Always use Osnaps when picking in 3D.
• Use the Shade control regularly to keep rails of your drawing. In wireline it's impossible to tell if a surface has a 3D Confront or not, then you'll demand to use Shade to cheque.
• Yous can forcefulness invisible 3D Face edges to display in wireline using the SPLFRAME variable. If SPLFRAME = 0 all invisible edges remain hidden. If information technology is ready to 1 invisible edges will be displayed. This tin can be extremely useful because it is incommunicable to select a 3D Face up which has no visible edges. The only fashion to select such a 3D Face up is to set SPLFRAME to one first.

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